1. Politics of Education
1.1. How democratic are our schools?
1.1.1. New node
1.1.1.1. Liberal
1.1.1.1.1. Free market regulation
1.1.1.1.2. New Deal Era and FDR
1.1.1.1.3. Balance capitalism with the needs of the people.
1.1.2. Conservative
1.1.2.1. Social Darwinism,
1.1.2.2. Capitalism and free market economy is prevalent
1.1.2.3. Issues are addressed in an individual level.
1.1.3. Radical
1.1.3.1. Nixes free market all together
1.1.3.2. Believes free market is central to all social issues including education
1.1.4. Traditional and progressive Visions
1.1.4.1. Promotes development of individual potential
1.2. Organizational politics within schools, how do all in administration adhere to this?
2. History of US Education
2.1. The Colonial Era
2.1.1. Began with Settlers to the "New World"
2.1.2. Many early settlers sent children back to England for University.
2.1.3. Colleges began to open in the United States
2.1.3.1. 1636, Harvard
2.1.3.2. 1693, College of William and Mary
2.1.3.3. 1701, Yale
2.1.3.4. 1740, University of Pennsylvania
2.1.3.5. 1746, Princeston
2.1.3.6. 1754, Columbia University
2.1.4. Purpose of Education had different themes
2.1.4.1. Aristocrats saw it as a way to perpetuate the ruling class
2.1.4.2. Religious Puritan leaders saw fit to pass laws regarding attendance.
2.1.4.2.1. Old Deluder Laws
2.1.5. Ben Franklin
2.1.5.1. 1749, called for the teaching of more secular subjects as opposed to traditional classes
2.1.5.2. Felt students should have a "mastery of process" and learn a skilled trade along with the basics
2.1.6. Thomas Jefferson
2.1.6.1. 1779, proposed "Bill for the Diffusion of Knowledge to Virginia legislature
2.1.6.1.1. Bill proposed and passed meant free education for the first 3 years of schooling.
2.1.6.2. Civic motive for education
2.1.6.2.1. Believed the best way to safeguard society is with an educated populous.
2.2. Age of reform
2.2.1. 1820-1860
2.2.1.1. Rapid change and growth as mechanization was introduced
2.2.1.2. Migrants flocked to factories
2.2.1.3. Westward expansion takes place to Oregon and California
2.2.1.4. 1850 Roman Catholics flee Ireland due to starvation
2.2.1.5. 1828 Andrew Jackson- All men besides slaves can vote
2.2.1.5.1. Andrew Jackson- all men aside from slaves can vot
2.2.1.6. 1837 Horace Mann- lobbied for a state board of education
2.2.1.6.1. Was granted in 1837
2.2.1.7. Opposition to public education by
2.2.1.7.1. Roman Catholics
2.2.1.7.2. No recipients who were taxed to fund the schools
2.2.1.7.3. 1860 public started to support education and schools
2.2.1.8. Education for Women & African Americans
2.2.1.8.1. Was at first viewed as harmful to women and stressful
2.2.1.8.2. The South felt that educating slaves was an open door to insubordination
2.2.1.9. Urbanization
2.3. Progressive Movement
2.3.1. Belief that as a nation, education was owed to society
2.3.2. Rockefeller
2.3.3. Vanderbilt
3. Sociological Perspectives
3.1. Understanding of society is essential if teachers are to develop as reflective practitioners.
3.2. Provides an analysis to give greater insight and coherence in approach to studying education
3.3. Belief that values, beliefs, norms of society are internalized in children so they come to think and act like other members of society.
3.4. Theories based on sociological perspectives
3.4.1. Functional theory
3.4.1.1. Durkheim
3.4.1.2. Interdependence of the social system
3.4.1.3. Integrated parts working together as one
3.4.2. Conflict theory
3.4.2.1. Social order is not collective, but based on dominance
3.4.2.2. Karl Marx
3.4.2.3. Emphasizes struggle
3.4.2.4. Bourdieu and Passon
3.4.2.4.1. Cultural capital are characteristics that determine class position and status
3.4.3. Interaction all theory
3.4.3.1. Sees functional theory and conflict theory as very abstract and suggest macro sociological interpretation is needed to perfect education.
4. Philosophy of Education
4.1. Based on practice, not speculation
4.2. Who we intend to be as teachers
4.3. Why we propose to do what we do.
4.4. Philosophies
4.4.1. Idealism
4.4.1.1. Plato
4.4.1.2. Analyze and convey info to students so they can understand
4.4.1.3. Achieving the common good
4.4.1.4. Search for truth through the ideas
4.4.2. Realism
4.4.2.1. Aristotle
4.4.2.2. Ideas derived from studying the world
4.4.2.3. Dialectic reasoning
4.4.2.4. Syllogism
4.4.2.4.1. Major Premise
4.4.2.4.2. Minor Premise
4.4.2.4.3. Conclusion
4.4.2.5. Modern Realism
4.4.2.5.1. Francis Bacon
4.4.2.5.2. The Scientific Method
4.4.2.6. Contemporary realist
4.4.2.6.1. Focus on philosophy and science
4.4.2.6.2. Bertrand Russell
4.4.2.6.3. Goal is to help individuals understand and apply principles of science
4.4.3. Pragmatism
4.4.3.1. Pierce, James, Dewey
4.4.3.2. Action oriented
4.4.3.3. Find processes that work in order to achieve desired ends
4.4.3.4. Dewey
4.4.3.4.1. Apply ideas of experimentation to achieve desired results
4.4.3.4.2. Teachers are facilitators
4.4.4. Existentialism
4.4.4.1. Must make sense of existence and the world around us
4.4.4.2. Education focuses on the needs of individuals
4.4.4.3. Notion of possibility
4.4.5. Neo-Marxism
4.4.5.1. Capitalism is a downfall
4.4.5.2. Students are to be given the tools to realize this and promote change
4.4.5.3. Class struggle is very real