1. Quantum Theory- Framework to explain the small-scale workings of the universe
1.1. Uncertainty
1.1.1. There is a limit to how much any of us can know. There are pairs of quantities: - Position and Momentum - Energy and Time Where the more precisely you know one of the quantities, the less precisely you know the other
1.2. Wave-particle duality
1.2.1. Quantum theory states that all matter, including light is both wave and particle. "wave and particle are two sides of one coin describing reality. You decide which way it flips"
1.2.2. Double-slit experiment
1.3. Entanglement
1.3.1. The states of two once-correlated Quantum particles can remain correlated, even when separated by a long distance. Intefering with one instantaneously affects the other.
1.3.2. "Spooky action at a distance" (Einstein didn't like it.
1.4. Quantisation
1.4.1. Energy, electron charge and spin, and many other properties come in bite size chunks called quanta.
1.4.2. No one really knows why
2. Relativity- Framework to explain large-scale workings of the universe
2.1. Speed of light is a constant
2.1.1. No influence, no matter, not gravity or any other force, nothing can exceed the cosmic speed limit
2.2. Equivalence Principle
2.2.1. Gravity and acceleration are always the same. This is relating how a body responds to gravity
2.3. Cosmological principle
2.3.1. Distribution of matter is constant in the universe
2.4. General relativity
2.4.1. Massive objects bend space-time around them, making things see to accelerate towards them. General relativity combines the equivalence principle and special relativity.
2.4.2. Einstein's theory of warped gravity
2.5. Special relativity
2.5.1. E=mc^2
2.6. Gravity
2.6.1. The only one of the four fundamental forces not explained by Quantum theory.
2.6.2. Explains why the Earth orbits the Sun