1. Diplomonads & Parabasalids
1.1. - Unicellular - Flagellated - Lack chloroplasts - Live in anoxic conditions
1.2. Diplomonads
1.2.1. - Have two nuclei of equal size - Have mitosomes - Cause giardiasis
1.3. Parabasalids
1.3.1. - Contain a parabasal body - Have hydrogenosomes - Live in the intestinal and urogenital tracts of animals as parasites - Cause Trichomonas vaginalis (most common STD)
2. Euglenozoans
2.1. - Unicellular - Flagellated
2.2. Kinetoplastids
2.2.1. - Contain kinetoplast: mass of DNA present in their single large mitochondrion - Live in aquatic habitats - Cause Trypanosomas brucei (African sleeping sickness, tsetse fly, CNS) - Single flagellum enclosed in a membrane flap
2.3. Euglena
2.3.1. - Non-pathogenic and phototrophic - Contain chloroplasts - If stored in the dark, can lose chloroplasts
3. Stramenopiles
3.1. Possess flagella with short hair-like extensions
3.2. Oomycetes
3.2.1. - Water molds: filamentous growth + hyphae - Cell walls made of cellulose - Cause the late blight disease in potatoes
3.3. Golden Algae
3.3.1. - Chloroplast pigments dominated by the carotenoid fucoxanthin
3.4. Diatoms
3.4.1. - Unicellular, phototrophic - Freshwater and marine habitats - Frustules: cell walls made of silica with proteins and polysaccharides for protection
4. Alveolates
4.1. Contain alveoli (sacs underneath the membrane to keep osmotic balance)
4.2. Ciliates
4.2.1. - Possess cilia (motility and food) - Two nuclei (macro and micronucleus) - Conjugation (sexual reproduction): 2 paramecia exchange micronuclei
4.3. Dinoflagellates
4.3.1. - Marine and freshwater phototrophs - Free-living or symbionts with coral - Transverse flagellum: wrapped around (turning) - Longitudinal flagellum: extends away (propulsion)
4.4. Apicomplexans
4.4.1. - Obligate parasites - Contain apicoplasts (degenerate chloroplasts that lack pigments) - Cause malaria, toxoplasmosis, and coccidiosis
5. Cercozoans
5.1. Threadlike pseudopodia: extension of cytoplasmic material
5.2. Foraminifera
5.2.1. - Exclusively marine organisms - Tests: calcium carbonate and organic materials
5.3. Radiolarians
5.3.1. - Marine, heterotrophic - Tests: silica
6. Amoebozoan
6.1. - Use pseudopodia for movement and feeding - Move by amoeboid movement - Capable of agriculture and pack hunting
6.2. Gymnamoebas
6.2.1. - Free-living - Inhabit soil and aquatic
6.3. Entamoebas
6.3.1. Parasites of vertebrates and invertebrates
6.4. Slime Molds
6.4.1. - Produce fruiting bodies with spore ready for dispersal - Motile
6.4.1.1. Plasmodial Slime Molds: Plasmodium --> Sporangium --> Swarmer cell --> Two swarm cells = diploid plasmodium
6.4.1.2. Cellular Slime Molds: Pseudoplasmodium --> Fruiting body --> Spores --> Diploid (meiosis) --> Haploid
7. Algae
7.1. Red Algae
7.1.1. - Mostly marine - Red colour from phycoerythrin (phycobillin) - Multicellular
7.2. Green Algae
7.2.1. - Mostly freshwater - Unicellular or multicellular - Sexual or asexual
8. Fungi
8.1. Chytriodiomycetes
8.1.1. - Moist soil and freshwater - Fruiting body contains zoospores (flagellated and motile) - Some are pathogenic (amphibians)
8.2. Zygomycetes
8.2.1. - Food spoilage - Soil and decaying plant materials - Coenocytic, form zygospores
8.3. Ascomycetes
8.3.1. - Aquatic and terrestrial - Decompose dead plant material - Unicellular - Two haploid nucleic from different mating types fuse, which forms a diploid nucleus that undergoes meiosis to form haploid spores - Saccharomyces cerevisae: budding
8.4. Basidiomycetes
8.4.1. - Yeasts and pathogens of plants and humans - Spores (basidiospores) at the end of basidium