1. France
1.1. February 1848 - December 1848
1.2. February Revolution
1.3. Results:
1.3.1. Abdication of Louis-Philippe
1.3.2. Establishment of second republic
1.3.3. Ended Orleans monarchy
1.4. Government then became more conservative
1.5. June Days Uprising
1.5.1. Unsuccessful rebellion from Parisian workers
1.6. Tensions between
1.6.1. Liberal Orleanists
1.6.2. Radical Republicans & Socialists
2. Austria
2.1. March 1848 - November 1849
2.2. Revolution had nationalist character
2.2.1. People from all over Europe participated
2.3. Searched for:
2.3.1. Autonomy or hegemony
2.3.2. Independence
2.4. Complicated by conflicts in German states
2.5. Empire's conservatism was resisted by:
2.5.1. nationalists
2.5.2. liberals
2.5.3. socialists
2.6. Second wave of revolutions
2.6.1. Caused by Italian conflicts
3. Italy
3.1. Through 1848
3.2. Revolution Failed
3.2.1. some states obtained liberal constitutions
3.2.2. constitutions quickly abolished
3.3. First took place in Sicily
3.4. Intellectuals and agitators
3.4.1. Desired Liberal government
3.5. Italian nationalists
3.5.1. Sought to eliminate Austrian reactionary control
3.6. Austria remained dominant in divided Italy
4. Germany
4.1. 1848 - 1849
4.2. Occurred in German states
4.3. Opening phase
4.3.1. AKA March Revolution
4.4. Loosely coordinated protests and rebellions
4.5. pan-Germanism
4.5.1. discontent with traditional autocratic German political structure
4.6. middle class
4.6.1. committed to liberalism
4.7. working class
4.7.1. sought radical improvements to working and living conditions