1. Moro reflex
1.1. sudden loss of support
1.2. up to 3 to 4 months
2. jitteriness, tremors
2.1. sensory dependent
2.2. elicit by stimuli
2.3. interrupted by holding the extremity
3. investigation
3.1. serum sodium, calcium, glucose, bilirubin
3.2. intracranial pressure
3.3. EEG electroencephalogram
3.4. IEM
3.4.1. acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, ketonuria
4. management
4.1. phenobarbital (20 to 40 mg/kg)
4.2. phenytoin (10 to 20 mg/kg)
4.3. diazepam (0.1 to 0.3 mg/kg)
4.4. status epilepticus
4.4.1. phenobarbital with
4.4.1.1. diazepam
4.4.1.2. midazolam
5. symptom
5.1. chewing, sucking, staring eye, tonic, clonic, tongue protrusion
5.2. focal seizures
5.2.1. local cerebral infarction
5.3. subtle seizure
5.3.1. apnoea, eye deviation, tongue thrusting, eye blinking, fluctuation of vital signs, eye staring
6. etiology
6.1. full-term
6.1.1. postasphyxial seizure
6.1.1.1. caused by HIE
6.1.1.2. 12 to 24 hours after birth asphyxia
6.1.1.3. can be due to
6.1.1.3.1. hypoglycaemia
6.1.1.3.2. hypocalcaemia
6.1.1.3.3. hypomagnesia
6.2. premature
6.2.1. IVH intraventricular haemorrhage
6.2.1.1. 1 to 3 days of age
6.2.1.2. bulging fontanelle, hemorrhagic spinal fluid, anaemia
6.2.1.3. low BW infants
6.2.1.4. periventricular germinal matrix
6.2.1.4.1. caused by increase or decrease in BP
6.2.1.4.2. venous stasis
6.3. in delivery room
6.3.1. local anesthesia into the fetal scalp
6.3.1.1. transient bradycardia, fixed dilated pupils
6.3.2. severe anoxia
6.3.3. congenital brain malformation
6.4. first 5 days
6.4.1. injection or drug withdrawal
6.4.2. IEM inborn error of metabolism
6.4.2.1. lethargy, acidosis, ketonuria, respiratory alkalosis
6.4.2.2. family hx of infant death
6.4.3. day 1 to 3
6.4.3.1. subarachnoid hemorrhage
6.4.3.1.1. shorter duration, no recur
6.5. benign familial seizures
6.5.1. parent hx of neonatal seizure
6.6. subdural hematoma
6.6.1. rupture of the vein of Galen
6.6.2. coagulation disorder