THE EMPIRES OF ISLAM AFTER PROPHET MUHAMMAD
by Widadri Ailin
1. Abbasid Dynasty (The Golden Age of Islam)
1.1. The golden age of knowledge in Islamic Civilization
1.2. The centre of intellectual activity during the Abbasid Dynasty was known as Baitul Hikmah (Bayt al-Hikmah)
1.3. Many scholars emergence in this dynasty, such as al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, al-Khawarizmi etc.
1.4. Under the commands of Hulagu Khan, the Mongols defeated the Islamic Dynasty of Abbasid in 1258 Ce.
2. Ottoman Dynasty
2.1. In 1453, the Ottoman Sultan Muhammad II Al-Fatih (the Conqueror) captured Constantinople.
2.2. Ottoman territory extended from North Africa to Iraq, and from Arabia into the Balkans, pressing to the walls of Hapsburg Vienna.
3. Mughal Empire
3.1. In India, Zahiruddin Babar – the first Mughal ruler – established a great empire from 1526 until 19th Ce.
3.2. This empire are reached its peak around the 17th Ce.
3.3. This empire vanished with the defeat of Sultan Shah Zafar to British after 332 years.
4. Caliphate Al-Rashidin
5. Umayyad Dynasty
5.1. The Muslims conquered North Africa within the first decades of the Umayyad Caliphate, and reached Spain (al-Andalus) in 711 Ce. under Abd Rahman al-Dakhil 1.
