Pharmacists as Part of the Patient Care Team in Kidney Disease: Key Outcomes

1. References

2. Quantitative Outcomes

2.1. Short-term within 30 days

2.1.1. medication list concordance

2.1.2. Identification of medication-related problems

2.1.3. Comprehension of medication information

2.2. Intermediate within 6 months

2.2.1. Dialysis Example: Proportion of patients achieving serum phosphorus concentration ≤5.5 mg/dL . (Mayne, 2012) MANAGEMENT BY FACTS (Gilbert, 2007)

2.2.2. Dialysis treatment adherence

2.3. Long-term within 3 years

2.3.1. Mortality rate

2.3.2. Hospitalization rate

2.3.3. Hospital length of stay

2.3.4. Rate of hospital readmission within 30 days of discharge

2.3.5. Total health care system costs. ACCOUNTABILITY (Gilbert, 2007)

3. Qualitative Outcomes

3.1. Patient satisfaction with medication therapy management by pharmacists. ENGAGEMENT (Gilbert, 2007)

3.1.1. Caregiver satisfaction with medication therapy management by a pharmacists

3.2. Surveys of other members of the health care team

3.2.1. Nurses

3.2.2. dialysis technicians

3.2.3. Physicians

3.2.4. PAs

3.2.5. Social workers

3.2.6. Dieticians

3.3. Patient-reported Outcomes (e.g. Quality of Life)

3.4. Health literacy (Wright-Nunes, 2011)

3.4.1. REALM

3.4.2. TOHFLA

3.4.3. Newest Vital Sign

4. Key Components of Outcomes Evaluation (Dlugacz, 2006)

4.1. Evaluate the processes of care

4.2. Manage the interaction among physician,organizational,and patient needs and services

4.3. Balance the quality and cost of health care services

4.4. Promote accountability and improve communication among the professional and administrative staff

5. Mixed Methods

5.1. Must seek optimal balance of quantitative and qualitative outcome measures. "Relying on a few key numbers at a single point will be incomplete and possibly misleading" (Chan, 2000)

5.2. Use the Ethical Infrastructure Diagnostic (Gilbert, 2007)

6. Executive Summary