chapter 2: computer system structures
by Noreen Samsudin

1. Storage structure
1.1. main memory
1.2. secondary storage
2. Dual-mode operation
2.1. all resources are shareable
2.2. modes of operation
2.2.1. user mode
2.2.2. kernel mode
3. I/O protection
3.1. all I/O instructions are privileged instructions
3.2. only OS can issue the instructions
4. Interrupt handling
4.1. OS is responsible to carry address to interrupt vector table
4.2. OS temporarily store the data
5. Storage Hierarchy
5.1. speed
5.2. cost
5.3. volatility
5.4. caching
5.4.1. magnetic disk
5.4.2. main memory
5.4.3. cache
5.4.4. hardware register