1. sleep
1.1. sleep deprivation
1.1.1. chronic partial sleep deprevation
1.1.2. disc over water model
1.2. ontogeny of sleep
1.2.1. rem pressure
1.2.2. delta activity
1.2.3. shiftwork
1.2.3.1. increased sleepiness
1.2.3.2. decreased attention and performance
1.2.3.3. increased health related problem
1.2.3.3.1. cardiovascular disease
1.2.3.3.2. GI tract problems
1.2.4. college life
1.2.4.1. avoid studying after 9-10pm
1.2.4.1.1. decreased attention and perfomance
1.2.4.1.2. 1hr studying/reading during day=3hrs at night
1.3. brain areas of sleep
1.3.1. Hypothalamus
1.3.1.1. superchiasmatic nucleus
1.3.1.2. posterior hypothalamus
1.3.1.3. preoptic area and anterior hypothalamus
1.3.2. reticular activating system
1.3.3. basal forebrain area
1.3.4. pons
2. reproductive behavior
2.1. neuroendocrine system
2.1.1. glands
2.1.1.1. exocrine
2.1.1.2. endocrine
2.1.2. gonads
2.1.2.1. testes
2.1.2.2. ovaries
2.1.2.3. androgens
2.1.2.3.1. testosterone
2.1.2.4. estrogens
2.1.2.4.1. estradiol
2.1.2.5. progestin
2.1.3. adrenal cortex
2.1.4. pituitary gland
2.1.4.1. gonadotropic hormones
2.1.4.1.1. follicle-stimulating
2.1.4.1.2. luteinizing
2.2. hypothalamus
2.2.1. medial preoptic area
2.2.2. ventral medial hypothalamus
2.2.3. sexual dimophic nucleus
2.3. hierarchical control
2.4. sexual development
2.4.1. genetics
2.4.1.1. female XX
2.4.1.1.1. increased risk of
2.4.1.2. males XY
2.4.1.2.1. increased risk of
2.4.1.3. 23 sets
2.4.1.4. dosage compentation
2.4.2. amygdala
2.4.3. cortex
2.4.3.1. prefrontal
2.4.3.2. primary visual cortex
2.4.4. ventral striatum
2.4.4.1. nucleus accumbens
2.4.4.2. anticipation
2.4.4.3. pleasure
2.4.5. sexual orientation
2.4.6. gender identity
2.4.7. biological sex
2.4.8. transgendered
2.4.9. transexual
2.4.10. transvestite
2.4.11. homosexuality
2.4.11.1. physiological differences
2.4.11.1.1. hypothalamus enlargement
2.4.11.1.2. SCN 2x cells
2.4.11.1.3. anterior commissure larger
2.4.11.2. developmental differences
2.4.11.2.1. fraternal birth order
2.4.11.3. genetic differences
2.4.11.3.1. twin studies
2.4.11.3.2. hormones
2.4.12. developmental systems
2.4.12.1. bipotential system
2.4.12.2. wolffian system
2.4.12.2.1. sex determining region
2.4.12.2.2. anti-muellerian hormone
2.4.12.2.3. androgens
2.4.12.3. muellerian system
2.4.12.3.1. default female
2.4.12.3.2. active component(?)
2.4.12.3.3. estrogen
2.4.12.4. critical period
2.4.12.5. turners syndrome
2.4.12.5.1. X0
2.4.12.6. androgen insensitivity syndrome
2.4.12.6.1. XY
2.4.12.7. Adrenogenital Syndrome
2.4.12.7.1. XX
3. hunger
3.1. evolution
3.2. obesity
3.3. fuel absorption
3.3.1. carbohydrates
3.3.1.1. simple
3.3.1.2. complex
3.3.2. fats
3.4. pancrease
3.4.1. releases insulin when eating
3.4.2. excretes glucagon when fasting
3.5. liver
3.5.1. store glucose in form of glycogen
3.5.2. extra glucose
3.6. long term reservior
3.6.1. triglycaride
3.6.1.1. fats, adipose tissue
3.6.2. fatty acids
3.6.2.1. stearic
3.6.2.2. oleic
3.6.2.3. palmitic
3.7. experimental surgery
3.7.1. stereotaxic instrument
3.7.1.1. lesion
3.7.1.1.1. chemical
3.7.1.1.2. electrical
3.7.1.2. simulation
3.8. neural control of hunger
3.8.1. Ventral medial hypothalamus
3.8.1.1. lesioned=fat rat
3.8.1.1.1. dynamic stage
3.8.1.1.2. static stage
3.8.1.1.3. pair feeding
3.8.1.2. center for satiety
3.8.1.3. increases insulin levels
3.8.2. Lateral hypothalamus
3.8.2.1. nigrostriatal bundle
3.8.2.2. stimulate= increased eating
3.8.2.3. center for hunger
3.8.3. paraventricular nucleus
3.8.3.1. part of satiety?
3.8.3.2. lesion= ^hunger for carbs
3.8.3.2.1. SE
3.8.3.2.2. NE
3.8.4. brainstem
3.8.4.1. nucleus of solitary track
3.8.4.2. dorsal motor nucleus of vagus
3.9. chemical control of hunger
3.9.1. fenfluramine phentermine (Fen-phen)
3.9.1.1. artificial
3.9.1.2. decreaseshunger
3.9.1.3. increases
3.9.1.3.1. 5-HT
3.9.1.3.2. DA
3.9.2. Neuropeptide Y (NPY)
3.9.2.1. natural
3.9.2.2. increase in hypothalamus=big increases in eating
3.9.3. Ghrelin
3.9.3.1. hormone peptide
3.9.3.1.1. stomach
3.9.3.1.2. hypothalamus
3.9.3.1.3. hunger signals to brain
3.9.3.1.4. gradual increase eating
3.9.4. Cholecystokinin (CKK)
3.9.4.1. hormone/peptide
3.9.4.1.1. stomache
3.9.4.2. delayed signal
3.9.4.3. induces satiety signal
3.9.5. Leptin
3.9.5.1. hormone/peptide
3.9.5.1.1. fat tissue
3.9.5.2. induces satiety
3.9.6. less immediate/soft effects
4. vision
4.1. sensory experience
4.2. different across species
4.3. visual acuity
4.4. light
4.4.1. wavelength
4.4.2. intensity
4.4.3. satuation
4.5. human eye
4.5.1. retina
4.5.1.1. fovea
4.5.1.1.1. cones
4.5.1.2. photoreceptors
4.5.1.2.1. rods
4.5.1.2.2. cones
4.5.1.3. bipolar cells
4.5.1.4. ganglion cells
4.5.1.5. horixontal cells
4.5.2. bindspot
4.6. visual pathway
4.6.1. retina
4.6.2. optic nerve
4.6.3. optic chiasm
4.6.4. lateral geniculate nucleus
4.6.4.1. magnocellular layers
4.6.4.2. parvocellular layers
4.6.5. superior colliculus
4.6.6. primary visual cortex
4.7. components of photoreceptors
4.7.1. lamellae
4.7.2. photopigments
4.7.2.1. opsin
4.7.2.2. retinal
4.7.2.3. rhodopsin
4.8. resting conditions vs lightwaves
4.9. lateral inhibition
4.10. central vs peripheral processing
4.11. trichromatic theory
4.11.1. dog
4.11.2. human
4.12. opponent processing theory
4.13. color blindness
4.13.1. red/green
4.13.2. blue/yellow
4.13.3. sex-linked trait
4.14. visual processing
4.14.1. ganglion cells
4.14.1.1. central-peripheral
4.14.1.2. opponent processing
4.14.2. lateral geniculate nucleus
4.14.2.1. 6layers
4.14.2.2. thalamus
4.14.3. primary visual cortex
4.14.3.1. occipital lobe
4.14.3.2. info from LGN
4.14.3.3. column orientation
4.14.4. dorsal system
4.14.4.1. tool use
4.14.4.2. spatial recognition
4.14.4.3. mirror neurons
4.14.5. ventral system
4.14.5.1. perception of opbjects
4.14.5.2. object recognition
4.14.5.3. facial recognition
4.14.5.3.1. fusiform facial area