1. Specific
2. Cell-Mediated Immunity
2.1. Role player:T lymphocyte-Produce in bone marrow mature at thymus
2.2. T lymphocyte is activated after binding to antigen on APC, sensitised , enlarge and divide
2.3. Form Clone - Helper T Cell, Suppressor T cell, Killer T cell and memory T-cell
2.4. Helper T- secrete cytokines (Interleukin 2)~Stimulate maturation of B cells, activate more lymphocyte at site of infection, attract macrophage , enhance phagocytic action
2.5. Killer T cell-secrete granzyme and perforin -causes cells undergo suicide(Apoptosis)
2.6. Suppressor T cell- inhibit B and T cells after the all the pathogen is killed or to control the activity of B and T cells
2.7. Memory T cell-Responsible for secondary response making body able to react faster if the same pathogen invade the body again
3. Antibody Mediated Immunity
3.1. Role Player-B cells~Produce and mature at bone marrow
3.2. B cells is activated after binding to antigen,sensitised , enlarge and divide
3.3. Form clone-Plasma cells and memory B cells
3.4. Plasma Cell- Secrete antibody into bloodstream
3.4.1. Antibody can:
3.4.2. Combine with foreign bacteria toxin, inactivate them by inhibiting reaction with other cell(Neutralisation )
3.4.3. Bind to surface-prevent antigen from entering the cell(Neutralisation )
3.4.4. Coat the pathogen-easier for phagocyte to engulf and digest(Opsonisation )
3.4.5. Clump antigen together (Agglutination)
3.4.6. Dissolve pathogen
3.4.7. Making soluble pathogen to insoluble ( Precipitation )
3.5. Memory B cell- Enable body to make more antibody at a faster rate if the same antigen invade body again
4. Non Specific
5. External Defence
5.1. Hair , Cilia, Mucus membrane, Flushing action , Cerumen, Skin, Lysozyme, Acids
6. Protective Reflex
6.1. Sneezing, Coughing, Diarrhoea,Vommiting
7. Internal Non Specific Reflex
7.1. Phagocyes
7.1.1. Macrophage and Neutrophil-engulf and digest antigen - Not discriminate
7.2. Inflammation
7.2.1. Reddish,Warm-Vasodilation of blood vessel as a result of histamine, Pain-Pain receptor stimulated, Swelling-Plasma inside the blood flow out
7.3. Fever
7.3.1. Because of lymphocyte secreting Pyrogene -Body thermostat set body temperature at higher level - not suitable for pathogen and increase rate of reaction of macrophage