1. PRESENTING CONDITION
1.1. Diagnosed Osteoporosis
1.1.1. Genetics
1.1.1.1. predisposition
1.1.1.1.1. family history
1.1.2. Recent fall fractured wrist
1.1.3. weak bone structure
1.1.3.1. genetics
1.1.3.1.1. current illness
1.1.3.1.2. low body weight
1.1.4. menopause & lowered estrogen levels
1.1.4.1. weakens bone matrix
1.1.5. decreased bone density & bone mass
1.1.5.1. lack of exercise
1.1.5.1.1. lack of calcium & vitamin D
2. AETIOLOGY
2.1. Age >35 natural decrease in bone mass
2.1.1. despite healthy habits - body breaks down
2.1.1.1. More health issues
2.2. Genetics - can alter how osteoporosis manifests
2.2.1. Family history important
2.2.1.1. Patients history important
2.3. Post-menopause
2.3.1. higher risk of osteoporosis
2.3.1.1. lowered estrogen
2.3.1.1.1. increased bone loss
2.4. Lifestyle & diet important
2.4.1. inactivity contributes to bone loss
2.4.1.1. inadequate intake of Calcium/Vit D increases bone loss
2.5. Healthy weight
2.5.1. lowers risk of developing osteoporosis
2.5.1.1. improves recovery in case of bone fractures
3. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
3.1. normal weight/BMI
3.1.1. Improved chance of preventing/recovering from fractures
3.2. female
3.2.1. over 50
3.2.1.1. bone scans done
3.2.1.1.1. weakened bones
3.3. anthropometric measurements
3.3.1. height 151cm
3.3.2. weight 51kg
3.3.3. waist 67cm
4. MEDICAL HISTORY
4.1. unknown
5. ADDITIONAL FACTORS
5.1. exercises regularly - impact sport (tennis)
5.1.1. Incidental exercise - gardening
5.2. busy active grandparent - looks after 3 youth
5.3. Diet is average
5.3.1. improve diet
5.3.1.1. improved diet could improve bone mass/lower incidence of fractures
5.3.1.1.1. improve overall health & vitality
5.3.2. diet appears to be low in harmful fats
5.3.3. lacks food groups/adequacy
5.3.3.1. does not like to try new foods
5.3.3.1.1. not enough water
6. PROPOSED MEDICAL TREATMENT
6.1. Low estrogen contributes to bone mass loss as ageing advances in women
6.2. HRT Dr recommended
6.2.1. Dr prescribed vitamin D & calcium
6.2.2. Estrogen governs how calcium is distributed & used by the body
6.2.3. HRT uses estrogen and progesterone (Hobar, 2015)
6.2.3.1. regulate body function
6.2.3.2. Increase calcium uptake in bones
6.2.3.3. reported side effects of HRT are minimal in small doses
6.2.3.3.1. can prevent cancer
6.2.3.4. depending on response estrogen & progestogen can be administered separately in unique doses
6.2.3.4.1. estrogen alone
6.2.3.4.2. progestogen alone
6.2.3.5. Increased risk of cancer
6.2.3.5.1. Breast cancer
6.2.3.5.2. ovarian cancer
6.2.3.5.3. Cardiovascular problems
7. DIETARY INFORMATION
7.1. Breakfast
7.1.1. 1/2 cup of muesli
7.1.2. full cream milk
7.1.3. Black tea
7.2. Lunch
7.2.1. Cucumber cream cheese sandwich
7.2.2. honey & lemon tea
7.3. Dinner
7.3.1. Meat
7.3.2. 3 vegetables - seasonable
7.4. Water
7.4.1. 2-3 glasses/day
7.5. Snacks
7.5.1. fruit
7.5.2. plain biscuit
7.5.3. tea