1. NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
1.1. THE DESIGN OF COMPUTERS, DEVICES AND MEDIA ON A NETWORK
1.2. TYPES:
1.2.1. 1. PEER-TO-PEER
1.2.1.1. EACH COMPUTER HAS EQUAL RESPONSIBILITIES AND CAPABILITIES AS SHARING HARDWARE, DATA AND INFORMATION WITH OTHER COMPUTERS
1.2.2. 2. CLIENT-SERVER
1.2.2.1. ONE/MORE COMPUTERS ACT AS A SERVER AND OTHER COMPUTERS ON THE NETWORK REQUEST SERVICES FROM THE SERVER
1.2.3. PEER-TO-PEER Vs CLIENT-SERVER
1.2.3.1. EASY TO INSTALL Vs NEED PROFESSIONALS MAINTANANCE
2. NETWORK TOPOLOGY
2.1. LAYOUT OF THE NODES (COMPUTER/DEVICES) IN A COMMUNICATION NETWORK
2.1.1. PHYSICAL
2.1.2. LOGICAL
2.2. TYPES:
2.2.1. BUS NETWORK TOPOLOGY
2.2.1.1. CONSISTS OF A SINGLE CENTRAL CABLE(BACKBONE) WHICH ALL COMPUTERS CONNECTED TO WHICH CONNECTED THROUGH T-CONNECTOR
2.2.1.2. ADVANTAGES
2.2.1.2.1. FAILURE OF ONE DEVICE DOES NOT AFFECT THE REST OF BUS NETWORK
2.2.1.2.2. COMPUTERS AND OTHER DEVICES CAN BE ATTACHED AND DETACHED AT ANY POINT OF THE BUS WITHOUT DISTURBING THE REST OF THE NETWORK
2.2.1.3. DISADVANTAGES
2.2.1.3.1. DISRUPTION MIGHT OCCUR WHEN COMPUTER/ OTHER DEVICES ADDED OR REMOVE
2.2.1.3.2. DIFFICULT TO IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM IF NETWORK SHUT DOWN
2.2.2. STAR NETWORK TOPOLOGY
2.2.2.1. COMPUTERS AND OTHER DEVICES ON NETWORK CONNECT TO A CENTRAL DEVICES FORMING A STAR
2.2.2.2. ADVANTAGES
2.2.2.2.1. IF ONE DEVICES FAILS, ONLY THAT DEVICE AFFECTED
2.2.2.2.2. EASY TO TROUBLESHOOT AND ISOLATE PROBLEM
2.2.2.3. DISADVANTAGES
2.2.2.3.1. IF THE HUB/SWITCH FAILS, THE ENTIRE NETWORK WILL BE INOPERABLE
2.2.2.3.2. REQUIRES MORE CABLE THAN MOST OF THE OTHER TOPOLOGIES
2.2.3. RING NETWORK TOPOLGY
2.2.3.1. A CABLE FORMS A CLOSE LOOP (RING) WITH ALL COMPUTERS AND DEVICES ARRANGED ALONG THE RING
2.2.3.2. ADVANTAGES
2.2.3.2.1. CABLE FAULTS EASY LOCATED, TROUBLESHOOTING EASIER
2.2.3.2.2. TRANSMISSION DATA IS SIMPLE AS PACKETS TRAVEL ONE DIRECTION ONLY
2.2.3.3. DISADVANTAGES
2.2.3.3.1. A FAILURE IN ANY CABLE/DEVICES BREAKS THE LOOP AND TAKE DOWN THE ENTIRE NETWORK
2.2.3.3.2. DATA PACKETS MUST PASS THROUGH EVERY COMPUTER THAT MAKE IT SLOWER
3. NETWORK
3.1. DEFINITION: COLLECTION OF COMPUTERS AND DEVICES CONNECTED TOGETHER VIA COMMUNICATION DEVICE AND TRANSMISSION MEDIA TO SHARE RESOURCES
3.2. COMMUNICATION:
3.2.1. SYSTEM.
3.2.1.1. 1. SENDING DEVICE
3.2.1.2. 2. COMMUNICATION DEVICE
3.2.1.3. 3. COMMUNICATION CHANNEL/ TRANSMISSION MEDIA
3.2.1.4. 4. COMMUNICATION DEVICE
3.2.1.5. 5. RECEIVING DEVICE
3.2.2. DEVICES
3.2.2.1. HARDWARE DESIGNED TO TRANSFER SIGNALS OR DATA FROM A SENDER TO RECEIVER
3.2.2.2. EXAMPLES: HUB, MODEM, ROUTER, ACCESS POINT
3.3. TRANSMISSION MEDIA
3.3.1. MATERIAL/SUBSTANCES CAPABLE OF CARRYING ONE OR MORE SIGNALS
3.3.2. TYPES:
3.3.2.1. WIRED TRANSMISSION MEDIA
3.3.2.2. WIRELESS TRANSMISSION MEDIA
3.4. ADVANTAGES
3.4.1. 1. SHARING HARDWARE
3.4.2. 2. SHARING SOFTWARE
3.4.3. 3. SHARING DATA AND INFORMATION
3.4.4. 4. TRANSFERRING FUNS
3.4.5. 5. FACILITATING COMMUNICATIONS
3.5. DISADVANTAGES
3.5.1. 1. VIRUSES
3.5.2. 2. NETWORK FAILURE
3.5.3. 3. SLOW SERVICE
3.5.4. 4. COST
3.5.5. 5. EXPERT SUPPORT REQUIRED
4. CLASSIFICATION OF NETWORK
4.1. LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
4.1.1. CONNECTS COMPUTER AND DEVICES IN A LIMITED GEOGRAPHICAL AREA (USES NO PHYSICAL WIRES)
4.1.2. ADVANTAGES
4.1.2.1. EASY TO SHARE DATA (PICTURES)
4.1.2.2. EASY TO SHARE DEVICES (PRINTERS)
4.1.2.3. LOW COST
4.1.3. DISADVANTAGES
4.1.3.1. REQUIRES 'ON' ALL THE TIMES
4.1.3.2. IF ALL COMPUTERS RUNNING ONCE, IT REDUCE SPEED FOR EACH
4.1.3.3. AREA COVERED IS LIMITED
4.1.4. TYPES
4.1.4.1. PERSONAL AREA NETWORK (PAN)
4.1.4.2. HOME AREA NETWORK (HAN)
4.2. METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK
4.2.1. HIGH-SPEED NETWORK CONNECTS LOCAL AREA NETWORK IN METROPOLITAN AREA (TOWN/CITY) AND HANDLE BULK OF COMMUNICATIONS ACTIVITY ACROSS REGION
4.2.2. ADVANTAGES
4.2.2.1. EFFICIENCY AND SHARED ACCESS
4.2.2.2. ALL COMPUTER OWNING RESIDENTS OF THE AREA HAVE EQUAL ABILITY TO GO LINE
4.2.3. DISADVANTAGES
4.2.3.1. COSTLY
4.2.3.2. SECURITY PROBLEMS
4.2.4. TYPES
4.2.4.1. CAMPUS AREA NETWORK (CAN)
4.3. WIDE AREA NETWORK
4.3.1. NETWORK COVERS A LARGE GEOGRAPHICAL AREA (COUNTRY/WORLD) USING COMMUNICATION CHANNEL THAT COMBINE MANY TYPE OF MEDIA (TELEPHONE LINE/CABLES/RADIO WAVES)
4.3.2. ADVANTAGES
4.3.2.1. INCREASE EFFICIENCY
4.3.2.2. EASE OF COMMUNICATION
4.3.3. DISADVANTAGES
4.3.3.1. SECURITY PROBLEMS
4.3.3.2. MAINTENANCE PROBLEMS
4.3.4. TYPES
4.3.4.1. ENTERPRISE PRIVATE NETWORK
4.3.4.2. VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK