Bureaucracy: A ranked authority structure that operates according to specific rules and procedures.

1. Weber's Model of Bureaucracy: The ideal theoretical model of bureaucracies.

1.1. Division of Labor:Work is divided among specialists in various positions. Each specialist is expected to perform specific duties.

1.2. Ranking of Authority: There are clear- cut lines of responsibility, and each individual is responsible to a supervisor at a higher level

1.3. Employment based on formal qualifications: Specific qualifications are required for each job, and individuals are hired on the basis of tests, education, or previous experience. Also, in a bureaucracy, the job - not the job-holder - is important. Therefore, everyone from an entry-level worker to the chief executive is replaceable.

1.4. Written Rules and Regulations: There are objective rules, regulations, and routine procedures that identify the exact responsibilities and authorities of each person on the staff. Established rules, regulations, and procedures also protect workers from arbitrary dismissal.

1.5. Specific lines of promotion and advancement: It is assumed that employees expect a career with the organization. Thus, there are clear-cut lines of promotion and advancement. Among the rewards for remaining with the organization are job security and seniority.

2. Problems of Bureaucracies

2.1. They no longer fulfill their original goals. This is called goal displacement, in which they abandon their original purpose and start another.

2.2. The effectiveness of bureaucracies are weakened because they tend to encourage the development of a bureaucratic personality.

2.3. Red Tape, or bureaucratic delay. Their knowledge and power is limited.

2.4. Creates feelings of alienation among employees

2.5. The tendency to result in oligarchies.