1. Important Vocab
1.1. *Emigrate* To move from a country.
1.2. *Immigrate* To move to a country.
1.3. *Migration Stream* The constant flow of migrants from one country into another country.
1.4. *Pull Factor* Something that encourages people to move to a new place.
1.5. *Push Factor* Something that encourages people to leave a place behind.
1.6. *Refugee* Someone who seeks safety by going to another country. May be escaping political unrest or war. May be afraid to be attacked for their religion.
1.7. *Persecution* Unfair treatment of others because of who they are or what they believe in.
1.8. *Brain Drain* The loss of well-educated people such as doctors or engineers to another country.
1.9. *Brain Gain* When people come back to there home country or move to that country and they have gained skills and experience to improve that country.
1.10. *Voluntary Migration* When people choose to leave their homeland on their own free will.
1.11. *Involuntary Migration* Are forced to migrate because their is threat of death or violence.
1.12. *Discrimination* Treating people unfairly or unequally because of characteristics such as race, age, nation of origin, or religion is discrimination.
2. United States Waves
2.1. First Wave
2.1.1. Many Northern Europe immigrants made United States there home. Most were escaping poverty and hunger. Some settled in cities others in the rural area.
2.2. Second Wave
2.2.1. Eastern and Northern Europe immigrants appeared in our country in the late 1800's. Many of these immigrants were refugees of war and persecution because of their religion. Many took work in the urban areas.
2.3. Third Wave
2.3.1. This last wave is still occurring today. It began in the late 1960's. 24 million immigrants came to the United States between 1970 and 2003. 75% of the immigrants were from Latin America and Asia.
3. Impact on the U.S
3.1. Economic
3.1.1. Taxes
3.1.1.1. Pay taxes that help public schools, libraries, and health clinics. That help both Locals and Immigrants
3.1.1.2. Immigrants may also need services that have to be paid for with tax money. Such as language classes. The ones who do not work need public assistance and free health care.
3.1.2. Jobs
3.1.2.1. The U.S has depended on immigrants for a long time. They helped developed roads and railroads, cleared forests for farms, worked in mines and factories as well as help fight wars.
3.1.2.2. Poorly skilled immigrants work at low wages such as farmers, cab drivers, house cleaners, restaurant workers, and nannies.
3.1.2.3. Some that are highly educated, bring there skills to the United States becoming doctors, professors, and computer programmers. Others can become famous artist, musicians, athletes, and actors.
3.1.2.4. Start new business that can create new jobs for immigrants and locals.
3.1.2.5. Some say immigrants take jobs from natives but the jobs immigrants may take are also ones that they do not necessarily want.
3.2. Cultural
3.2.1. Introduce us to different ways of life. Such as neighborhoods, foods, and holidays.
3.2.2. Immigrants may also live closer to each other. Which create interesting neighborhoods such as Chinatown. Where they are welcome to speak their original language. Eat home foods, hear news from homeland, and making America more unique.
3.2.3. They also bring new foods such as pot stickers,bagels and tacos. Which are popular in the U.S.A.
3.2.4. Have introduced holidays such as St.Patrick's Day, Chines New Year, and Cinco De Mayo.
3.2.5. Bring new music, art and stories.
3.2.6. Help others learn more about the world.
4. Voluntary Migration
4.1. Potato Famine Caused 1.4 million Irish people to immigrate to the U.S. (1840's)
4.2. 1915-1970 The Great Migration caused 6 million African-Americans to travel from Rural South to Urban North. To leave poverty and discrimination.
5. Pull Factor
5.1. Family
5.1.1. Desire to unite divided families.
5.1.2. Young men go to their new country first to find jobs and a place to live. Once they do they send for their wives,children and parents to set up their new home.
5.2. Education
5.2.1. Many families move so their children can have good education. (scholarships)
5.2.2. Older students immigrate to attend college and universities.
5.2.3. 1 out of 15 students were born in another country.
5.2.4. 2003-2004, 572,000 students were foreign students in the United States.
5.3. Quality-of-Life
5.3.1. Come here to create better lives for their families.
5.3.2. Find more freedom and a better government.
5.3.3. They want a sense of safety in their community.
5.3.4. Better jobs and earn more money. With more money they are able to buy better food, housing and health care.
6. Push Factor
6.1. Political
6.1.1. War is the main reasons refugees occurs.
6.1.2. Political refugees flee because of the fear of their leaders or persecution.
6.1.3. Political push factors appear when the government doesn't treat their citizens well.
6.1.4. Escape Prosecution of their crimes.
6.1.5. Enslavement.
6.2. Environmental
6.2.1. Long-term droughts and natural disasters.
6.2.2. Other changes in the environment because of human activities.
6.2.3. Poor climate conditions.
6.2.4. Examples: Potato Famine and Chernobyl
6.3. Economic
6.3.1. Poverty has an big effect on immigration
6.3.2. The most common push factor is the economic.
6.3.3. The early immigrants were poor farmers and working people.
6.3.4. Many move to have a better future in a new country.
6.3.5. Job opportunities but be better.
6.3.6. Poor economic conditions.
6.3.7. Overpopulation.
6.4. Social
6.4.1. To connect with families or friends in other countries.
6.4.2. The spread of religion, political views,
6.4.3. Seeking more personal freedom. (not always from persecution)
7. Impact on Homeland
7.1. Economic
7.1.1. Brain drain is when doctors,engineers and highly skilled workers leave there home country.
7.1.2. Most immigrants send remittances back home to their family that was left in that home country.
7.1.3. Brain gain is when emigrants or people return with better skills and experiences for their country.
7.2. Social
7.2.1. When families are split apart to find jobs in a different country.
7.2.2. Some families are split apart forever and never return. Others can be apart for years.
7.2.3. Remittances that are received are used to send children to school and care for aging parents. They also can help the village by building a well or a school. Creating a better life.
7.3. Political
7.3.1. Many Refugees come to flee political unrest.
7.3.2. Some refugees bring democracy back home like Valdas Adamkus.