Renaissance and Reformation 1450 - 1600

Just an initial demo map, so that you don't start with an empty map list ...

Get Started. It's Free
or sign up with your email address
Renaissance and Reformation 1450 - 1600 by Mind Map: Renaissance and Reformation 1450 - 1600

1. Renaissance Worldview. The renaissance began as a adaption of Medieval worldviews and its initial target was as a campaign for medieval Latin.

1.1. Humanists unearthed old Greek and Classical works, looked to a more secular view of society, put the emphasis back on man as an entity

1.2. Humanists perfected a linguistic science called philology, the study of vocabulary and usage.

2. Ambitions of the State

2.1. Chief ambitions were to raise money, make war, feed the court, and do justice

2.2. Justice elevated rulers and kept the peace but attempts at it were largely haphazard.

3. Counter-reformation

3.1. Catholic response to Luther was slow

3.2. The Count of Trent meets under Paul III to reaffirm the corpus of medieval law. It pushed bishops into cities and strengthened their authority.

3.3. Roman Inquisition, Roman Index of Prohibited Books.

3.4. The Jesuits under Ignatius Loyola fanned across Europe.

3.5. The counter-reformation was overall quite successful.

4. Reformation

4.1. Martin Luther was unhappy with indulgences and the practice of buying salvation.

4.2. 1517: Luther nails 95 Theses on Church of Wittenberg door

4.3. Protestanism allowed church folk to marry, stripped away medieval heritage

4.4. Charles V calls Diet of Worms to summon Luther

4.5. Calvinism, a separate Protestanist movement springs up. Calvinism is less hierarchical, is origin of English Puritans ("puritanical"); believes in predestination.

4.6. Anabaptists, a third group of Protestants with very little regard for hierarchy, travelled across Europe and later across the world.

5. The Big Picture

6. Worldviews

7. Sixteenth-century Politics

7.1. Spain

7.1.1. Continent was under partial Spanish hegemony until early 17th century.

7.1.2. Spain was a divided kingdom

7.1.3. Success came with its colonies in the New World.

7.1.4. Charles V split his kingdom and put Spain and the Netherlands together and his successor faced problems of religious division.

7.2. France

7.2.1. War of Religions: Huguenots (Calvinists) vs. Catholics

7.2.2. Saint Bartholomew's Massacre killed many Huguenots

7.2.3. Henri IV of Bourbon enacts the Edict of Nantes, grants Huguenots immunity and says "Paris is worth a mass"

7.3. England

7.3.1. Henry VIII splits the Church and forms Anglican Protestanism because he cannot divorce his wife.

7.3.2. Henry's successor, Elizabeth I, defeats her Catholic older sister Bloody Mary for the throne, and rules for long years.

7.3.2.1. conquers Spanish Armada

7.3.3. Civil War happens in 1642 that unseats and beheads Charles I, leading to a Calvinist republic

7.4. Italy

7.4.1. Italy is not a singular state.; consisted mainly of city-states such as Venice, Milan, Florence

7.5. Germany

7.5.1. Was under rule in Hapsburg lands by Holy Roman Emperor.

7.5.2. Peace of Augsburg enacted by Charles V: "he who holds power holds religion."

7.5.3. In 1618, Germany slips into the 30 Years War

7.6. Netherlands

7.6.1. "low countries" where many traders met; 17 provinces

7.6.2. Fought against Spanish rule

7.7. Ottoman Empire

7.7.1. Muslim state feared by Europe

7.7.2. Had a civil service mainly made up of slaves, children of Christian mothers converted to Islam; the Janissaries were also slaves; the Turks also tolerated the practice of other faiths

7.8. Muscovy

7.8.1. Ivan the Terrible undercuts power of the old boyar nobility

8. Blaise Pascal was also a mystic

9. Medieval Worldview

9.1. 1. Notion of a Divine Plan 2. Great Chain of Being; this thinking traces back to Plato and his followers 3. Dualism: a Platonic idea, spirit, soul, intellect and reason gave shape and nobility to unruly matter. In Christian eyes, our physical bodies incited us to sin. 4. Allegory: reading a material thing to find the higher spiritual or moral meaning behind it. 5. Providence: mere accidents seldom happen 6. Teleology: from Aristotle, all things have a telos, or inherent purpose

10. Skepticism by Montaigne, the inventor of the essay.

10.1. Materialist philosophy

11. The Renaissance Man: one who is learned in all the arts and sciences e.g. Da Vinci

12. Art

12.1. Linear perspective (Da Vinci, Raphael)

13. Religion: an everyday part of life

13.1. Christian ethics: self-denial like Christ "put others first", love of one's neighbours

13.1.1. New node

13.2. - Served three purposes providence, salvation and community

14. Families and Friends

14.1. Family: a unit of economic production, education, and self-governance

14.2. Property was a bedrock

15. The Honour Code:

15.1. Be proud, not humble.

15.2. Be rich, not poor.

15.3. At conflict with religious views.

16. Demography: Malthusian Equilibrium Fertility = Mortality

17. A Dangerous World

17.1. Disease: fast-moving

17.1.1. Typhus, smallpox, typhoid

17.1.2. Bubonic plague (1347)

17.2. Famine

17.3. Violence and chaotic wars Banditry

18. Social hierarchy

18.1. Inequality is good

18.1.1. New node

18.2. Feudalist views

18.2.1. A method of governing in which land is central

18.2.2. Lords held fiefs, had power to tax, to judge, to run the local markets; power inherited

18.2.2.1. Heriditary powers

18.3. Great chain of being

19. A Revolution in the Military

19.1. Medieval Times

19.1.1. Armoured knights on horseback

19.1.2. Stone Castle

19.2. Gunpowder changed medieval times

19.2.1. Cannon was invented

19.3. In response to the cannon: star-shaped, bastioned fortresses were created

19.3.1. Kingston, Quebec, Louisburg, etc

20. Renaissance

20.1. Print: Gutenberg invents movable type

20.1.1. Books become affordable, vernacular is used, news and propaganda is fostered; still, only a small portion of men can read.

21. High Renaissance in Rome: the patronage moves from Florence to Rome

21.1. Castiglione writes The Courtier, a work on the skills and values of a good courtier

21.2. Macchiavelli writes The Prince, an analysis of power and how to be a good leader.

22. Northern Renaissance

22.1. Piety and mysticism.

22.2. Erasmus: Europe's first public intellectual.

22.2.1. Erasmianism blended Humanism with piety.

22.3. Thomas More: english lawyer who writes Utopia

22.4. Writing in vernacular: William Shakespeare

23. The Growth of Science "demystification of the world"