Effective Learning Strategies (How to Study)
Effective Learning Strategies; how to study; study skills
Effective Learning Strategies (How to Study)
by Toni Krasnic
1. Key concepts
1.1. What's important?
2. Key questions
2.1. Inquiry-based learning
2.2. Purposeful
3. Keyword mnemonic
3.1. Keywords
3.2. Mental imagery
4. Logical
4.1. Sound reasoning
4.2. Part makes sense in the whole
5. Meaningful
5.1. Does it make sense to you?
5.2. Learn from general to specific
5.2.1. Start with outline
5.2.2. Add details
6. Organize
6.1. Structure information
6.2. Arrange and rearrange
7. Mnemonics
7.1. Visuals
7.2. Connections
8. Paraphrase
8.1. Your own words
9. Reflect
9.1. Process information in your own way
9.2. What you know about what you know
9.3. How you learn
10. Practice testing
10.1. Self-testing
10.2. Practice tests
10.3. Practice recall
10.4. Helps with future retrieval
11. Retain and recall
11.1. Recall information
11.2. Recreate mind map
12. Spaced repetition
12.1. See distributed practice
13. Rereading
13.1. Restudying material after initial reading
14. Review and reinforce
14.1. How much have you learned?
14.2. What needs additional work?
15. Self-explanation
15.1. Explaining how new information is related to known information
15.2. Explaining steps taken during problem solving
16. Simulate
16.1. Practice with new problems
16.2. Declarative knowledge (facts)
16.3. Procedural knowledge (process)
17. Student-directed
17.1. You're in charge of your own learning
17.2. Responsibility
17.3. Control of your learning
18. Subconscious
18.1. Sleep on it
18.2. Revisit later
18.3. Thinking "to go"
19. Summarization
19.1. Condense text
19.2. Capture important ideas
20. Teach
20.1. You colleagues
20.2. Other students
21. Think
21.1. While learning
21.2. About what you're learning
21.3. About how you're learning
22. Verbalize
22.1. Condense data into key concepts
22.2. Translate to your own words
23. Visualize
23.1. Pictures, colors, cartoons
23.2. Diagrams, charts, graphs
23.3. Bizzare visualizations/associations
24. Videos
24.1. Supplement reading materials with videos
25. Legend
25.1. Highly effective
25.1.1. Robust
25.1.2. Generalize widely
25.2. Moderately effective
25.2.1. Shows promise but insufficient evidence
25.2.2. Works for some people
25.3. Low effectiveness
25.3.1. Low utility
26. Resources
26.1. Blogs
26.1.1. Toni Krasnic
26.1.1.1. 5Ps of CLM
26.1.1.1.1. 1. Preview
26.1.1.1.2. 2. Participate
26.1.1.1.3. 3. Process
26.1.1.1.4. 4. Practice
26.1.1.1.5. 5. Produce
26.1.2. Cal Newport
26.1.3. Annie Murphy Paul
26.1.4. Scott H Young
26.2. Articles
26.2.1. Strengthening the Student Toolbox (Dunlosky)
26.2.2. Improving Students’ Learning With Effective Learning Techniques (Dunlosky et al.)
26.3. Books
27. Write
27.1. Write down what you've learned
27.2. Writing challenges you to organize your thoughts
28. Active learning
28.1. Interact with information
29. Analogies
29.1. This is similar to that
30. Associate
30.1. Link new information to existing knowledge
31. Big picture
31.1. Overview
31.2. Details
32. Breakdown
32.1. Break skills into smart parts
32.2. Practice, measure, improve
33. Chunking
33.1. Grouping information
34. Concentrate
34.1. Stay focused
34.2. Pay attention
35. Connect information
35.1. Connect the dots
35.2. How does it all connect?
35.3. Build new knowledge on existing knowledge
36. Connect with others
36.1. Interact with others students
36.2. Group work
36.3. Teachers
36.4. Parents
37. Cram
37.1. Studying the night before
38. Deliberate practice
38.1. Quality + Quantity
38.2. Highly structured
38.2.1. Improve performance
38.3. Requires
38.3.1. Focus
38.3.2. Effort
38.3.3. Time
38.4. Process
38.4.1. Motivated to improve performance
38.4.2. Build on existing knowledge
38.4.3. Immediate informative feedback on performance
38.4.4. Repeat until mastered
38.4.4.1. Not inherently enjoyable
39. Distributed practice
39.1. Spread out study sessions over time
39.2. Each subsequent phase reinforces the previous phase
39.3. Go back to what you don't understand
39.4. Don't cram
39.5. Longer intervals lead to longer retention
40. Elaborate
40.1. Work with extended information
40.2. Beyond class materials
41. Elaborative interrogation
41.1. Generate explanations
41.2. Why is this true?
42. Emotions
42.1. Heart
42.2. Feelings
43. Explain
43.1. Discuss with others
43.2. In your own words
44. Engaged
44.1. Interest
44.2. Curious
44.3. Critical thinking
45. Environment
45.1. Change study place
45.2. Slows down forgetting
46. Experience
46.1. Life is greatest teacher
46.2. Case studies
47. Feedback
47.1. See results of how you're learning
47.2. Adjust learning strategies based on feedback
48. Feynman Technique
48.1. 1. Explain idea as if teaching another student
48.2. 2. If stuck, go back to reference materials and relearn
48.3. 3. Explain idea again
48.4. 4. Explanations simple as possible
49. Filter
49.1. Choose important concepts
49.2. Eliminate the fluff
50. Flash cards
50.1. See practice testing
50.2. Flash cards
50.2.1. Quizlet
50.2.2. StudyBlue
50.2.3. FlashCardMachine